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Pertinax ((ラテン語:Publius Helvius Pertinax Augustus);〔In Classical Latin, Pertinax's name would be inscribed as PVBLIVS HELVIVS PERTINAX AVGVSTVS.〕 1 August 126 – 28 March 193) was Roman Emperor for the first three months of 193.〔Thomas, ''History of the Roman Empire from the time of Vespasian to the Extinction of the Western Empire'' (1853), pg. 158. Although Commodus was killed on 31 December 192, Pertinax was not acclaimed emperor until 1 January 193.〕 Successor to the assassinated Commodus, he was the first to serve as emperor during the tumultuous Year of the Five Emperors. Born the son of a freed slave, Pertinax originally worked as a teacher before becoming an officer in the Roman legion. He fought in the war with the Parthians during the 160s, and success there led to higher-ranking positions in both the military and political spheres, including provincial governor and urban prefect. He was also a member of the Roman Senate, where he was a contemporary of the historian Cassius Dio. Following the death of Commodus, Pertinax was acclaimed emperor. He attempted to institute several reform measures, although the short length of his time as emperor prevented the success of those attempts. One of those reforms, the restoration of discipline among the Praetorian Guards, led to conflict that eventually culminated in Pertinax's murder by the Guard. After his death, the Praetorians auctioned off the imperial title, which was won by the wealthy senator Didius Julianus, whose reign would last sixty-six days. Pertinax would be deified by the successor of Julianus, Septimius Severus. His historical reputation has largely been a positive one, following the assessment of Dio. ==Early life== His career before becoming emperor is documented in the ''Historia Augusta'' and confirmed in many places by existing inscriptions. Born in Alba Pompeia in Italy,〔Dio, 74:3〕 the son of freedman Helvius Successus,〔Historia Augusta, ''Pertinax'', 1:1〕 originally Pertinax made his way as a ''grammaticus'' (teacher of grammar),〔Canduci, pg. 50〕 but he eventually decided to find a more rewarding line of work and through the help of patronage he was commissioned an officer in a cohort.〔Historia Augusta, ''Pertinax'', 1:6〕 In the Parthian war that followed,〔Historia Augusta, ''Pertinax'', 2:1〕 he was able to distinguish himself, which resulted in a string of promotions, and after postings in Britain (as military tribune of the Legio VI ''Victrix'')〔Birley, pg. 173〕 and along the Danube, he served as a procurator in Dacia.〔Historia Augusta, ''Pertinax'', 2:4〕 He suffered a setback as a victim of court intrigues during the reign of Marcus Aurelius, but shortly afterwards he was recalled to assist Claudius Pompeianus in the Marcomannic Wars.〔Dio, 74:3〕 In 175 he received the honor of a suffect consulship〔Meckler, www.roman-emperors.org/pertinax.htm〕 and until 185, Pertinax was governor of the provinces of Upper and Lower Moesia, Dacia, Syria and finally governor of Britain.〔Birley, pg. 173〕 In the decade of the 180s, Pertinax took a pivotal role in the Roman Senate until the praetorian prefect Sextus Tigidius Perennis forced him out of public life.〔Historia Augusta, ''Pertinax'', 3:3〕 He was recalled after three years to Britain, where the Roman army was in a state of mutiny.〔Dio, 74:4〕 He tried to quell the unruly soldiers there but one legion mutinied and attacked his bodyguard, leaving Pertinax for dead.〔Birley, pg. 174〕 When he recovered, he punished the mutineers severely, which led to his growing reputation as a disciplinarian.〔Canduci, pg. 50〕 When he was forced to resign in 187, the reason given was that the legions had grown hostile to him because of his harsh rule.〔Historia Augusta, ''Pertinax'', 3:10〕 He served as proconsul of Africa during the years 188–189,〔Historia Augusta, ''Pertinax'', 4:1〕 and followed this term of service with the urban prefecture of Rome,〔Victor, 18:2〕 and a second consulship as ordinarius with the emperor as his colleague.〔Birley, pg. 174〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pertinax」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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